新疆纸房断裂活动性及其与沿线小型绿洲的关系     

陈志华  杨攀新  郭春杉  胡伟华  黄帅堂  任金卫 《地震》2019,39(4):98-109

纸房断裂位于新疆东北部, 是北天山地区一条NW向活动断裂, 全长约140 km, 其北接阿尔泰山, 南临东天山, 东接戈壁阿尔泰山, 其周围多次发生过大地震。 纸房断裂缺乏历史地震记录, 为典型的地震空区, 且位于Ⅰ、 Ⅱ级活动块体边界带, 断裂活动和地震危险性值得关注。 通过野外地质调查、 无人机航测、 开挖探槽和年代测定, 认为该断裂为全新世活动断裂, 以右旋走滑性质为主, 兼具有逆冲性质, 最新一次事件发生时间为1730~5170 aB.P., 单次事件垂直位移约为0.5 m, 最近地震离逝时间应大于1730 aB.P.。 通过对断裂附近发育的两个小型绿洲分布特点和水文地质条件进行研究, 结果表明断裂活动对绿洲的形成起决定性作用。  相似文献   

新疆典型绿洲城乡聚落规模体系特征及空间重构 ——以渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲为例     

马晨    王宏卫    谈波    周璟    代芯妍    王晓琴   《地理学报》2022,77(4):852-868

随着乡村振兴战略的提出及实施,城乡关系也进入融合发展新时期,厘清典型地域城乡聚落规模体系的演变过程及现状特征并探明其空间重构与优化路径对实现农业农村现代化具有重要的现实意义。本文以新疆塔里木盆地北缘渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲（简称“渭库绿洲”）为例,利用2009—2018年土地利用数据,采用GIS空间分析及位序—规模法则等方法,刻画了渭库绿洲城乡聚落规模体系特征;依据乡村振兴多级目标的理论内涵,探讨了渭库绿洲城乡聚落体系空间重构模式及优化路径。结果表明：① 渭库绿洲城镇村体系建设过程中城镇主导作用较弱,城乡聚落规模总体扩张较快,城乡人口与聚落增长反差较大,乡村人地关系失调特征明显;② 渭库绿洲城乡聚落规模分布整体服从位序—规模法则,零星聚落“摆尾”现象加剧且空间无序扩张特征显著,城乡聚落空间分布特征具有明显的县城、中心乡镇、干渠及道路指向性,但向中心乡镇空间集聚趋势不明显;③ 渭库绿洲城乡聚落规模体系空间重构的首要举措是整治零星斑块,对典型样区设定了3个优化目标并对空间重构路径进行了逻辑解析,提出了5种整治方向。基于乡村振兴多级目标,构建以土地要素流动为关键的空间重构方案,对促进渭库绿洲城乡聚落规模体系结构优化与功能协调、实现乡村振兴具有重要现实意义。  相似文献   

Late Pleistocene and Holocene history of Lake Terrasovoje,Amery Oasis,East Antarctica,and its climatic and environmental implications   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  

Bernd Wagner  Holger Cremer  Nadja Hultzsch  Damian B. Gore  Martin Melles 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2004,32(4):321-339

A 5.52 m long sediment sequence was recovered from Lake Terrasovoje, Amery Oasis, East Antarctica, in order to reconstruct the regional environmental history. The basal sediments, which are dominated by glacial and glaciofluvial clastic sediments, attest to a Late Pleistocene deglaciation of the lake basin. These sediments are overlain by 2.70 m of laminated algal and microbial mats and a few interspersed moss layers. Radiocarbon dating, conducted on bulk organic carbon of 12 samples throughout the organic sequence, provides a reliable chronology since the onset of biogenic accumulation at c. 12,400 cal. year BP. Successful diatom colonization, however, was probably hampered by extensive ice and snow cover on the lake and restricted input of nutrients until 10,200 cal. year BP. A subsequent increase of nutrient supply culminated between 8600 and 8200 cal. year BP and is related to warm summer temperatures and reduced albedo in the catchment. Warm conditions lasted until 6700 cal. year BP, supporting the establishment of a diatom community. Colder temperatures from 6700 cal. year BP culminated in several periods between 6200 and 3700 cal. year BP, when high amounts of sulphur and low abundances of diatoms were deposited due to a perennial ice and snow cover on the lake. During the late Holocene, relatively warm conditions between 3200 and 2300 cal. year BP and between 1500 to 1000 cal. year BP, respectively, indicated by high accumulation of organic matter and reducing bottom water conditions, were interrupted and followed by colder periods.  相似文献   

Quaternary Moraines vs Catastrophic Rock Avalanches in the Karakoram Himalaya, Northern Pakistan     

Kenneth Hewitt 《Quaternary Research》1999,51(3):220

A history and conception of glacial events for the central Karakoram Himalaya, proposed some 80 years ago by Giotto Dainelli, are largely accepted today. However, certain deposits identified as terminal moraine complexes marking glacial episodes were actually emplaced by rock avalanches. In the Skardu and Shigar intermontane basins of Baltistan, at least 15 rock avalanche events were previously mapped as moraine or till. Criteria used for distinguishing these catastrophic landslide deposits emphasize homogeneous lithology of rubble and matrix, clast shape, facies characteristics, the large scale unity of emplacement, and morphological relations to valley topography. The deposits of three events, at Katzarah, Satpura, and the north end of Shigar Valley, have been reconstructed in detail. Thick supraglacial debris does not result in similar deposits. Extensive valley fills, river terraces, large sediment fans, and lacustrine sediments formerly attributed to late-glacial conditions are reinterpreted as postglacial events involving rock avalanches that interrupted fluvial development. Existing reconstructions of glaciations are left in doubt, especially late-glacial events in the central Karakoram, as are the roles assigned to Karakoram, main Indus Valley, and western Himalayan ice.  相似文献   

黑河地区绿洲内农田微气象特征   总被引：47，自引：19，他引：28  

张强  胡隐樵 《高原气象》1992,1(4):361-370

  相似文献   

干旱区绿洲发展与环境协调研究   总被引：25，自引：11，他引：14  

傅小锋 《中国沙漠》2000,20(2):197-206

在分析绿洲形成演变规律和制约绿洲经济与环境协调发展因素的基础上,认为只有将绿洲与荒漠生态及水源区生态结合起来统一规划,形成大系统观,才能确保绿洲的持续生存与发展。在形成绿洲在系统观的基础上建立一咱与绿洲所处的干旱区环境特征相适应、以不断提高资源组合利用效益、促进绿洲经济长期稳定增长、促使生态良性化发展为目标的高效、和谐的绿洲生态经济体系是干旱区绿洲经济与环境协调发展的根本出路。  相似文献   

建立绿洲持续农业的构想：以甘肃高台绿洲为例   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

储茂东  周劲松 《中国沙漠》1998,18(4):379-384

以甘肃高台绿洲为例,认为绿洲处于干旱生境中,系统脆弱,自然资源配置不佳且利用不合理,生态与经济效益低下,不利于其长期稳定的发展,持续农业是其发展的最佳选择,建立绿洲持续农业应构建绿洲农业生态系统—农业工程与技术系统—农村社会系统组成的复杂巨系统。  相似文献   

Plant Community and Nutrient Status of the Soils of Schirmacher Oasis,East Antarctica     

Shiv Mohan Singh  Jagdev Sharma  Rasik Ravindra  Purnima Singh 《极地研究(英文版)》2008,19(1):63-76

Investigations on plant community and micronutrient status of Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica have been presented in this paper. The dominant plant communities include moss and lichen. The frequency of species occurrence and changes in species composition at different location varied. Thirty-four soil samples were ana- lyzed for chemical properties of the soils of Schirmacher Oasis and Nunatak, East Antarctica. The most common plant species growing throughout the areas of Sehirmacher Oasis and Nunataks are： Candelariella tiara （ lichen ） and Bryum pseudotriquetrum （moss）. Large variations were observed among different soil samples in all the nutri- ents and other measured soil chemical parameters. The soils are characterized by a-cidic pH ranging from 4.42 - 6.80. The mean organic carbon content was 0.62 and ranged from 0. 06 - 1.29%. The electrical conductivity in 1 ： 2 soil water ratio ranged from 0.06 - 1.29. The average content of macronutrient cation, which are ammonium acetate extractable was in the order of Ca 〉 K 〉 Na 〉 Mg. The average content of DTPA extractable micronutrient cations was in the order of Fe 〉 Mn 〉 Cu 〉 Zn. Thirty one out of 34 samples contained less than 0.80 ppm DTPA extractable Zn. Correlation studies revealed that content of macronutrient cations significantly and positively correlated to that of chlorides. Electrical conductivity exhibited significant and positive relationship with pH, K, Ca, Mg, Na and chloride content. Sodium （r =0.876 ＊ ＊ ） exhibited highest correlation followed by K （r =0. 831 ＊ ＊ ） with chlo- ride content. The correlation coefficient for chlorides was higher with electrical conductivity （r=0.732＊ ＊ ） than pH （r =0. 513 ＊ ＊ ）. Organic carbon content of the soil was positively correlated with Fe （ r = 0. 442 ＊ ）. The nutrient status did not appear to be a limiting factor in growth of plants. Lichen and moss community structure and composition in the study area were not related with fertility status o  相似文献   

基于线性光谱混合模型(LSMM)的民勤绿洲荒漠化治理效果评价     

张华  陈蕾 《中国沙漠》2019,39(3):145-154

民勤绿洲是干旱荒漠化的典型区域，生态系统脆弱，对该区域的荒漠化治理效果进行评价可以为其生态修复政策的制定和管理提供参考。采用线性光谱混合模型（LSMM），将Landsat影像中的土地覆盖信息进行有效分解，通过分解后光谱在直方图上的特征值，确定合适的阈值，对荒漠化土地进行分类，分析荒漠化土地类型的时空变化特征，对民勤绿洲1992—2017年荒漠化治理效果进行评价。结果表明：（1）1992—2005年民勤绿洲荒漠化加剧面积大于改善面积，两者相差175.47 km²，荒漠化加剧，治理效果不明显。（2）2005—2017年荒漠化改善面积大于加剧面积，两者相差174.18 km²，荒漠化改善，治理效果显著。（3）1992—2017年民勤绿洲荒漠化总体趋于改善，局部地区加剧。其中，坝区和泉山区的荒漠化改善面积大于加剧面积，两者分别相差47.63 km²和52.79 km²，荒漠化改善，治理效果显著；而湖区荒漠化加剧面积大于改善面积，两者相差36.83 km²，荒漠化加剧，治理效果不明显。  相似文献   

干旱区耕地质量等级评价及土壤养分与盐渍化的分析研究 ——以民勤绿洲为例   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

马倩倩  董博  许旺旺  蔡立群  武均 《干旱区地理》2021,44(2):514-524

为整体掌握民勤绿洲耕地质量、土壤养分以及盐渍化状况等,充分利用县域耕地资源,分析研究民勤绿洲耕地质量等级划分及其耕地土壤养分和盐渍化现状,为及时准确掌握绿洲耕地地力状况提供科学依据,同时为绿洲耕地土壤养分、盐渍化障碍提供改良措施。基于农业农村部《耕地质量调查监测与评价办法》(农业部2016年第2号)和《耕地质量等级》国家标准(GB/T33469-2016)的相关要求,构建民勤绿洲县域评价体系,通过综合运用空间分析、模糊数学、层次分析和综合指数等方法,对民勤绿洲耕地质量等级进行综合评价。结果表明:(1)民勤绿洲耕地质量平均等级为3.26等;分布有一至七等级地,八、九、十等级地没有分布;以三、四等级地为民勤绿洲耕地的主要等级分布,面积占比分别为31.63%、28.27%。泉山区中部和坝区灌溉农业区多分布一、二等级地。湖区灌溉区多分布三、四等地。在绿洲边缘带较多分布五、六、七等地。(2)民勤绿洲耕地土壤有机质平均含量在10.00~15.00 g·kg^-1之间,全氮平均含量在0.50~1.00 g·kg^-1之间,总体处于较低水平。有效磷和速效钾总体处于中等水平。昌宁区、泉山区与坝区交界东北部以及湖区镇(昌宁镇、东湖镇、南湖镇、泉山镇、西渠镇)耕地土壤养分平均含量较均低。(3)民勤绿洲盐渍化耕地的面积为32240.36 hm²,占民勤绿洲耕地总面积的30.09%;主要以轻度盐渍化为主。轻度盐渍化多分布在湖区红沙岗镇、红沙梁镇、西渠镇等镇;中度盐渍化分布在昌宁镇以及环河区沿风沙线一带。其评价结果对民勤绿洲耕地资源的科学管理和可持续利用以及绿洲农业的发展具有重要意义。  相似文献